Headwaters Forest Reserve

Headwaters Forest Reserve, California

Last "ThickTrunkThursday", I headed out to the closest patch of old growth redwoods. It does take a 5 mile hike to get there, much of it along the river and a bit lined with striking fetid adderstongue flowers.

Petition and map from John Muir and other founders of Sierra Club protesting a bill to reduce the size of Yosemite National Park, 1/2/1893. 

Record Group 233: Records of the U.S. House of Representatives

Series: Petitions and Memorials

Transcription:

To the Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture House of Representatives Washington, D.C. Dear Sir, Whereas at a meeting of the Sierra Club of Saturday, November 5th 1892, said club being a corporation formed for the purposes, to with: "To explore, enjoy and render accessible the mountain regions of the Pacific Coast; to publish authentic information concerning them; to enlist the support and co-operations of the people and the government in preserving the forests and other natural features of the Sierra Nevada Mountains" a resolution was introduced and unanimously adopted directing the Board of Directors to prepare a memorial to Congress against Bill H. R 5764 introduced by Mr. Carminetti and to use every effort to defeat it, Therefore The Board of Directors of the Sierra Club in accordance with the above resolutions do respectfully and emphatically protest against the diminution of the Yosemite National Park situated in California as contemplated in Bill H. R. 5764 introduced by Mr. Carminetti and referred by the House of Representatives to your honorable Committee As shown in the accompanying map all

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the territory outside of the blue lines is to be taken out of the Yosemite National Park Reservation, which would First: endanger in J.HS., R25E and R26E + J.3S, R25E the headwaters of the San Joaquin River, a river on whose water the irrigation of the whole San Joaquin Valley is dependent. Secondly: in J1S, J2S.R19E+ J1S, J2S.R20E it will denude the watersheds between the branches of the Tuolumne River and Merced River of the most valuable timber, destroy forests which in their magnific- ent growth from and attraction to visitors not only from the State of California, but from all over the United States and from abroad and although provision is made in paid bill to reserve a trail one mile square containing the Tuolumne Big Tree Grove and also a similar trail about the Merced Grove the destruction of the surrounding forest will necessarily cause a great danger through forest fires to these two groves of Sequoia gigantea, which ought to be and have heretofore bee protected by the United States Government with singular interest Thirdly: The taking of the Reservation of J2N+ J1N R19E will hand over to private ownership most valuable reservoir sites which ought to be jealously guarded for the benefit of the state at large Fourthly: The exemption of 1/2 J2N.R20E, of J2N R21E, J2N + 1/2 J1NR22E of J2N+ 1/2 J1N.R23E of J2N +3/4 J1NR.24E and of J1S R25E will endanger the watershed of the

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tributaries of the Tuolumne River as it passes through the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne River + finally through Hetch Hetchy Valley, a valley which in grandeur + uniqueness is in many respects the peer of Yosemite and will in future form one of the principal attractions of the Sierra Nevada of California If the Territory of the Yosemite National Park should be reduced in accordance with the bill H.R 5764, the dangers to guard against which the Park was orig- inally set aside, would again arise, the herds of sheep which now for two seasons have successfully been kept out of the reservation would denude the watersheds of their vegetation, the forest fires following in the wake of the herds would destroy the magnificent forests and threaten the reservation itself and the timber of price- less value of the speculator. The Directors of the Sierra Club respectfully point out that Senate Bill No 3235 proposed by Mr. Paddock will meet any objections in the interest of mining or farming industries, if there be any, to the continuance of the present limits of the Yosemite National Park Reservation. John Muir J.H. Senger, President Sierra Club Secretary Sierra Club Warren Olney First Vice - President Sierra Club San Francisco, Jan 2nd 1893

[page 4 image description] Map of Yosemite, labeled “MAP OF THE YO SEMITE NATIONAL PARK”. Part of the map is outlined in blue. 

Evening Poetry, November 21

The 7,472-acre Headwaters Forest Reserve by The Bureau of Land Management is licensed under CC-CC0 1.0 This post contains Amazon affiliate links. If you click through and make a purchase, I will receive a small compensation at no extra cost to you. This helps keep my blog ad-free. The Forest by Nikita Gill One day when you wake up, you will find that you’ve become a forest. You’ve grown roots…

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Reserve time pilot

The regulations shall provide for, but not be limited to, the require- ments that auditors must meet to be approved and the terms upon which a PCL may qualify for admittance to the Program, including the effectiveness of the PCL’s risk management system.The Act would create a bureau within SBA dedicated to oversight of the Alternative Loss Reserve Pilot Program. Once a Reserve Pilot on LCR is given an Assignment or is moved to SCR he will be on Rest and not required to be on call for the Company until the start of the Assignment or his SCR Reserve Availability Period (“RAP”) (i.e., no earlier than 12 hours following notification).Ī Reserve Pilot on LCR may be changed to a Short Call Reserve (“SCR”) for the following Day. MAP-21 also repealed the Debt Service Reserve Pilot Program for recipients of section 5307 Urbanized Area Formula Grant funds. The Pool is designed for endowed funds and those with a long term time horizon. Long-Call Reserve As provided for in Section 15 (Reserve), a R3 Reserve Pilot shall be Reserve/phone availability period is from 0000 to 2359 and who is required to report at his Residence Airport no earlier than twelve (12) hours after the Initial Call to his primary contact number. In the Afram Headwaters Forest Reserve Pilot Site the District Chief Executive visited the pilot site only on the World Environment Day which was celebrated on the pilot site to increase the awareness on invasives. Reserve Pilot Chute, Reserve Bridle, Freebag, Safety Stow, Reserve Canopy, lines, slider, and links. For PCLP debentures issued while a PCLP CDC elected to participate in the Alternative Loan Loss Reserve Pilot Program (ALLR) authorized under Section 508(c)(7) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, the PLCP CDC is required to reimburse SBA for 15 percent of any loss sustained by SBA as a result of a default in the payment of principal or interest on those PCLP debentures.Ĭabinet approved (31 March 2021) that £100k from the Business Rates Reserve Pilot Fund was allocated for LUF bid preparation and submission.

The Most Influential People In The Molai Forest Industry And Their Celebrity Dopplegangers

The Emigrant Wilderness, Element of the Stanislaus National Forest, encompasses one hundred named lakes and about five hundred more compact, unnamed lakes. It is made up of miles and miles of streams, the headwaters with the Tuolumne and Stanislaus rivers. Nevertheless it wasn't always the fishing paradise that it's nowadays.

Shortly once the last emigrant wagons rolled out on the mountains near Sonora Move in the 1850s, cattlemen and sheep herders started to graze their animals in large meadowlands which can be now is a component with the Emigrant Wilderness Place. Getting a dearth of fish within the lakes that dot the area, stockmen started out hauling buckets of native fish from reduce elevation lakes and streams and dumping them to the alpine lakes.

Through the late 1800s massive lakes like Kennedy Lake and Emigrant Lake grew to become common fishing destinations, attracting sportsmen from close by gold place cities like Sonora and Columbia and from valley towns including Modesto and Stockton. The only real significant reservoir at the time was Strawberry Lake, today's Pinecrest Lake. Most river and stream fishing was at low elevations together the Stanislaus and Tuolumne rivers. As the superior elevation streams and some lakes tended to dry up in late summertime and tumble, they didn't provide a habitat satisfactory to maintain fish populations.

Development of the Test Dams

Close to 1900 a young local male named Fred Leighton started to make his way in to the high country close to Sonora Move. He quickly realized that if just some of the lakes may be controlled with what he would call "Check out dams", a lot more h2o may very well be saved inside the lakes and afterwards introduced at a slower fee early in the summertime in the course of the snowmelt. Therefore there would still be described as a reserve of drinking water during the lakes when the rainless late summer and slide arrived so an satisfactory stream flow could be managed to deliver habitat for indigenous trout. They'd also serve as an early means of flood Command.

Setting up in 1920, Leighton as well as a crew of volunteers began to construct many minimal "Look at dams" on crucial lakes. They hauled materials into your large region on pack animals and created the dams by hand making use of stones and mortar. They gained the complete assist from the US Forest Company, California Fish and Match, and many community companies.

The main dam was designed at Yellowhammer Lake within the headwaters of Cherry Creek, only two miles north from the Yosemite boundary. Over time seventeen extra dams were being designed. Most were being on lakes, such as Decrease Buck Lake, Bigelow Lake, Emigrant Lake, Emigrant Meadow Lake, and Huckleberry Lake. Two dams were constructed alongside streams, making reservoirs to supply summertime irrigation drinking water to meadowlands. The last couple of dams had been manufactured with the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1941.

Due to the dams, fishing improved significantly within the region with Rainbow, Brown, and Brook trout populating the waters. Each summer months anglers flocked to your higher state, getting pack animals in from trailheads like Pinecrest, Kennedy Meadows, Gianelli's Cabin.

The Designation in the Emigrant Wilderness

The beginning of the end of the "Check out dams" came in 1975 in the event the location was specified because the Emigrant Wilderness. The 1964 Wilderness Act prohibits just about any sort of gentleman-produced structure inside the boundaries of the wilderness. Exceptions manufactured for historic constructions like early log cabins are already scarce. For your time it appeared the "Check out dams" would drop to the classification of historic functions. Most of them ended up eligible to become A part of the historic register. A lot of them only stood several ft tall and were being rarely intrusive. Other people noticed them in a different way.

The fight around the "Test dams" ongoing for decades. In 1988 the Regional Forester for the Stanislaus Countrywide Forest purchased all the dams to get taken off. His decision developed a community outcry, and soon afterward he reversed his placement. Then in 1991 the Forest Services started to develop a Land Resource Administration Prepare for the world. At the same time Agent John Doolittle attempted, but failed, to get a Invoice by way of Congress to safeguard the dams.

In the meantime proof mounted the dams have been in Determined will need of fix. Some were vandalized, Some others ended up simply just eroding. Spill valves have been missing beneath silt. At some point in 1998 the Forest Provider decided to rebuild eight of your decaying dams so as to sustain stream flow. But only a 12 months afterwards the Regional Forester reversed that decision. He held the placement that there was no evidence that the dams ended up essential. Aerial stocking was retaining the fish amounts at an acceptable stage.

The US District Court Conclusion

The dispute more than the "Test dams" arrived at its summary in 2006 when Wilderness Watch along with other environmental teams submitted suit to halt the proposed routine maintenance in the dams. Each side argued persuasively. Advocates for the dams pointed out their historic price, their non-obtrusive mother nature, and their profit to wildlife habitat. Wilderness purists identified that there was very little while in the Wilderness Act that permitted this kind of constructions inside the boundary in the Emigrant Wilderness. Furthermore, the Forest Service had conceded that the fish populations ended up self-sustaining. The development in the dam at Cherry Reservoir in 1957 experienced way back negated the need for flood Manage upstream.

Choose Anthony W. Ishii ruled in June 2006 which the dams couldn't be rebuilt or managed. But neither did they should be dismantled. They'd be remaining to decay In a natural way.

"The world manifested its wilderness attribute prior to the dams were being in position and would reduce almost nothing in the way in which of wilderness values were being the dams not current," Ishii wrote in his determination. "What will be missing is some improvement to a specific utilization of the area (fishing), but that use, though Maybe popular, is not an integral Component of the wilderness nature of that region."

With that decision the fate of Fred Leighton's "Test dams" appears to are actually settled. Even without the need of routine Molai Forest maintenance, lots of them may well very last for one more century or for a longer time. Meanwhile, fish populations have ongoing to carry continual. Each individual summer Countless site visitors flock on the Emigrant Wilderness to fish, camp, and take pleasure in the pristine elegance of the region.

The very first cuckoo clock was crafted more than two generations back. Phrase has it this clock was revamped 250 decades ago by a man named Franz Kettler in The common-or-garden village of Triberg, which can be situated in the middle of Germany's Black Forest. This clock was intricately conceptualized and created with extravagantly carved details, in conjunction with its hand carved cuckoo chook. The hen arrived to lifetime at the best of each hour with vivid chimes, weights, and pendulums.

The release of this particular structure caught the attention of The complete of Germany in a short time. Shortly, Lots of individuals were being enamored by The brand new craze in clock-creating, and production of the Black Forest cuckoo clock took off. Needless to say, this was quite inevitable thanks to all of the spare time the villagers experienced when the Winter season months set in. The chilly and severe German winters stole the villagers faraway from their mines and farms, supplying them more than sufficient time to concentrate on the craft of clock-producing.

There even arrived a time when the villagers might have unofficial contests and competitions versus one another, when it arrived to developing far better types for these clocks! The citizens gave their best in crafting far more specifics on to their Wooden-carved models. This was merely a kind of helpful Levels of competition among the neighbors and these kinds of, but this spirit of competition essentially created a lot of the finest styles the Cuckoo clock has ever seen.

These layouts would then be demonstrated off since the spring year started to settle in. At the first sign of spring, the men and women would take the cuckoo clocks they crafted into town, in which there would be a large Display screen of many of the clocks created throughout the Wintertime time. The clocks would then be bought to their numerous admirers, generating a festive environment in town.

Many of the well-known styles you will come across involve the standard five-Leaf Cuckoo clock. It arrives in several measurements, with the trademark five-leaf style as proposed by its title. This type of clock is usually finished in Walnut, with tiny bouquets painted inside of a rich shade of pink. The much larger Model of the clock is generally created to be an eight-working day clock. This means you would have to wind it up only once, and it'll have plenty of power to final The entire 7 days.

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So if you are starting up or simply contemplating commencing your own personal assortment of antique German cuckoo clocks, You then'll certainly want to include at least 1 example of a Black Forest cuckoo clock in your selection. There are plenty of antique cuckoo clocks in the Black Forest that may be obtained at auction or in antique retailers. But classic isn't your only choice since the clock is still in creation in this location nowadays. Lots of travelers take a look at Triberg, Germany only to see every one of the new cuckoo clocks created by the craftspeople who live there.

Headwaters Forest Reserve

Road Trips: Northern California in Color and Black & White

Road Trips: Northern California in Color and Black & White

If you take the fastest route you can reach the little town of Ferndale, California in twelve hours from our house. Happily, we had time to spare so we took a longer route, avoiding Seattle traffic by taking a ferry to the Olympic peninsula and heading south along the scenic Hood Canal.

A ferry ride is a nice way to begin a road trip. On a cool September morning we watched two seals and a…

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Headwaters Forest Reserve, CA by Bureau of Land Management Via Flickr: One fourth of the lands – 58 million acres -- managed by the BLM are forests or woodlands. These make up an important part of the BLM’s multiple-use mission and are managed for a variety of critical uses for the benefit of all Americans. Forest and woodland management produces traditional products such as lumber, plywood, and paper as well as other uses such as poles, greenery, biomass for energy production, and fuelwood for personal use while maintaining high-quality wildlife habitat. Photo Credit: BLM

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9 Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Roanoke, VA

Roanoke is a popular tourist destination, whether you're a culture vulture seeking out unique museums and attractions or an active vacationer seeking out outdoor adventures. The city is a four-season destination for avid hikers, rock climbers, recreational boaters, and sportfishing enthusiasts, and is located in the picturesque Roanoke Valley in southwestern Virginia. In-town greenways, cultural diversions, diverse dining, and unique shopping discoveries await urban explorers. Whatever your vacation style, keep our list of Roanoke's top attractions and things to do handy.

1. Mill Mountain Park & the Roanoke Star

Mill Mountain Park, which is home to the famous Roanoke Star (also known as the Mill Mountain Star), has more than 10 miles of multi-use trails (hiking, walking, and biking) where visitors can experience the region's all-season natural beauty.

Take the Mill Mountain Star Trail, a 3.5-mile round-trip from the base trail, to the summit of Mill Mountain, the city's highest point at 1,703 feet, for a moderately challenging hike. Hikers are rewarded with two scenic overlooks atop the mountain after climbing 838 feet in elevation. The Star Trail parking lot, located just off Riverland Road SE at the Star/Wood Thrush Connector, has plenty of free parking and clear signage.

Connect with the short Watchtower Trail for the best panoramic views and photos right at the base of the Roanoke Star, one of Virginia's most famous landmarks. The National Register of Historic Landmarks has listed this unusual landmark, which was built in 1949 as a temporary Christmas decoration by the local merchants association. The giant star, at 89 feet in height, is America's largest star. It is visible from up to 60 miles away and is lit every evening until midnight.

Hikers are welcome to bring their leashed dogs, and there are picnic tables, restrooms, and water along the Mill Mountain Spur Trail en route to the Discovery Center, a naturalist centre with exhibits on the park, local wildlife, and trail maps. Mill Mountain Zoo, a small but lively enclave with local critters such as the Indian crested porcupine, red wolf, and yellow-spotted side-necked turtle, will appeal to children of all ages.

2. Carvins Cove Natural Reserve

Carvins Cove Natural Reserve, with more than 60 miles of trails surrounding an 800-acre reservoir, is known among locals as a haven for off-road mountain biking. The reserve, which is the second largest municipal park in the United States, spans nearly 13,000 acres, the majority of which is protected by the state of Virginia's largest conservation easement.

Trail maps are available for purchase, and bikers can get local advice on which trails are best suited for their experience level at Just The Right Gear, a cycling shop near the Bennett Springs parking lot (one of three reserve entrances — the others are Marina and Timber View). There are also rentals of high-end bikes and gear.

On the Easy Street, Kit & Kaboodle, The Skillet, and Enchanted Forest trails, beginners will find a gentler rise and more flats. On the Comet, Gauntlet, Hoe Trail, and Clownshead, riders seeking more difficult challenges will get exactly what they want. On the most difficult trails, expect to gain up to 2,400 feet in elevation.

Along these well-kept trails, riders will encounter packed dirt, loose gravel, and tamped soil. Canoeing (equipment rentals and instruction are available) and fishing are also popular activities at Carvins Cove.

3. Smith Mountain Lake

Smith Mountain Lake, one of Virginia's most popular — and the state's largest — has nearly 500 miles of shoreline, earning it the title of "Jewel of the Blue Ridge Mountains." Because state fisheries keep the lake well stocked, SML, as it's known by locals, has an especially impressive striped bass population. Anglers can book half- or full-day charters with a number of licenced guides who have plenty of experience traversing the 21,000-acre lake. They'll provide bait, equipment, and all of the necessary expertise to ensure that those fishing have a safe and enjoyable time on the water.

Crappies, bluegills, largemouth and smallmouth bass, as well as stripers, are among the tasty fish that make freshwater fishing at SML a popular tourist destination.

Waterskiing and wakeboarding, boating and sailing, and jet skiing are all fun activities to do on the lake. Swimming is also available at a family-friendly beach, and there are several golf courses nearby.

4. Roanoke Valley Greenways

The interconnected Roanoke Valley Greenway allows visitors to walk or bike along miles of trails in the area, which are safe, well-populated, and well-maintained. A popular trail in and around Roanoke is right along the Roanoke River, where deer, herons, geese, and other wildlife can be seen even in the city. Vic Thomas Park, just off Memorial Drive south of the river, is a great place to start your exploration. From there, you can easily join the Roanoke River Greenway.

A short distance away is the well-known Black Dog Salvage. Every visit to this nationally recognised purveyor of reclaimed architectural, commercial, and industrial fixtures and elements yields a fascinating, one-of-a-kind inventory. Visitors come from all 50 states to see Black Dog, which specialises in doors, windows, wrought iron, period lighting, garden statuary, and other specialty home components.

Head southeast on the Roanoke River Greenway towards Wasena Park after visiting Black Dog. At the Wasena Skate Park, kids can be seen hanging ten on their longboards. The park is always bustling with activity, and the locals' fancy footwork on their skateboards and blades is entertaining to watch.

On your way to the Tinker Creek Greenway, continue on the greenway and cross the Mill Mountain Greenway. Follow that road north for less than a mile and reward yourself with a picnic at Fallon Park's picnic area.

5. Taubman Museum of Art

The Taubman Museum of Art, one of the city's newest attractions (it opened in 2008), is a must-see for art lovers and casual culture consumers alike. The museum's permanent collection of 2,000 unique pieces is spread across 11 different galleries, including works by Thomas Cowperthwaite Eakins, Purvis Young, and John Cage, and is housed in a stunning modern design by renowned architect Randall Stout.

Visiting exhibits featuring work by some of America's best artists, including John James Audubon and Norman Rockwell, to name a few, are common. Photographic, folk art, and design-related exhibits are among the other highlights.

If you're travelling with children, look into children's programmes, such as hands-on workshops and interactive displays. On-site amenities include a café.

6. McAfee Knob

McAfee Knob is one of the most photographed places on the Appalachian Trail, thanks to its incredible vistas and spectacular rock overhang perch. The 3.5 miles of intermediate-to-difficult trails that lead up to the knob from the Virginia 311 parking lot are popular with hikers.

Climbers know it for the more than 70 gnarly sandstone and slick quartzite boulders that make for days of mini-summits. The majority of boulders are between 10 and 20 feet tall, with many crimps, jugs, pockets, and edges. Bring pads, lunch, and a buddy; it's never a good idea to go rock climbing alone, and McAfee is often deserted.

Another popular recreational area in Roanoke is the recently re-opened Explore Park, which is located just off the Blue Ridge Parkway. The park features 1,100 acres of breathtaking scenery, numerous walking and hiking trails, as well as thrilling ziplines and a treetop adventure course that is appropriate for families with younger children. It also has a visitor centre and a gift shop, as well as camping and rustic cabins.

7. Bottom Creek Gorge Preserve

Bottom Creek Gorge Preserve is a popular destination for birders, nature lovers, and photographers. Bottom Creek, located less than 20 miles south of Roanoke, is one of the most important headwaters for the Roanoke River, and it offers visitors several well-marked trails to enjoy the vast hardwood forest, unspoiled landscape, and Virginia's second highest waterfall.

For the best vantage point to photograph the 200-foot cascading waterfall, the second tallest in Virginia, photographers should take the Red Trail (the longest trail here, at five miles round-trip). Bring a long/telephoto lens because the overlook at the end of the trail offers a clear, open shot, but the falls are a long way away. A side path off the Yellow Trail leads to other viewpoints of the falls.

8. Roanoke City Market

The historic City Market, also known as the Farmers' Market by locals, is open all year and offers boutique shopping, local produce, flowers, meat and cheese, local dining favourites, and some of Virginia's best people-watching. Pay close attention to the market's four mosaic tiled entrances, each of which contains over 2,000 pounds of porcelain tiles that reveal a little bit of the history of this storied public space.

9. Roanoke Pinball Museum

We’ve recently started a new family hobby – vintage record collecting! In keeping with this new found connection over the beloved old, we were delighted to take our girls to the Roanoke Pinball Museum and show them how we entertained ourselves long before the internet.

From the 1932 styles to the slightly more modern Munster’s machine which had a baby pinball inside the bigger one to play, you could get lost in here playing over 65 machines for hours.

Prime Home Buyers is a real estate brokerage firm based in Roanoke, United States. We are known for offering an easy and quick house-selling experience to our clients.

We offer upfront selling solutions to our clients, satisfying their requirements. We have been serving as real estate investors for over a decade and know all the tricks of this trade. Prime Home Buyers can provide you with the best real estate offerings and prices. We are the experts you are looking for if you want to sell your house fast and at the best price. Besides our expertise in buying houses, we also provide commercial property investment.

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Headwaters Forest Reserve, California.

Another trip up the trail to the old growth above Elk River.

Your #BLMAdventures in California

Enjoy your #MyPublicLandsSummer in California this week! Public lands in the Golden State offer a sense of adventure for the outdoor enthusiast, offering rivers, trails, campgrounds, off-road open areas, and more. The experiences are as varied as the landscapes.

Spectacular scenery can be found among scenic vistas, such as the foggy bluffs of the King Range National Conservation Area, in the ancient redwood forest of the Headwaters Forest Reserve, in the geological formations of the Alabama Hills, the valley of golden flowers in the Carrizo Plain National Monument, and the wind sculpted sand dunes in the California Desert Conservation Area. You will also find wilderness areas, national scenic and historic trails, national wild and scenic rivers, wildlife viewing areas and even a lighthouse or two to explore and learn about California's history.

Cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus) from Pyramid Lake; the species is endemic to Pyramid Lake and its watershed. Photo by Pete R!ssler.

Excerpt:

Uncommon among tribes, in 2007, the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe received “Treatment in the Same Manner as a State” (TAS) status by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement Water Quality Standards (WQS) and as a result, PLPT gained a seat at the decision-making table regarding impacts to the Truckee River and limiting pollutant discharge. [...]

The case of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe (PLPT), the largest tribe in Nevada, exemplifies tribal vulnerabilities as a result of climate change. Located in the Truckee River  Basin, PLPT’s tensions regarding water rights are high, and climate change may upset the delicate balance between growing water demands of off-reservation users while simultaneously maintaining the health of a tribally-valued ecosystem of Pyramid Lake. PLPT is culturally and economically dependent on Pyramid Lake, which is located at the terminus of the Truckee River (Figure 2). The river begins at Lake Tahoe with headwaters in California’s Sierra Nevada Mountain Range and flows through the semi-arid Reno-Sparks metropolitan region before terminating at Pyramid Lake. Pyramid Lake is extremely important for biodiversity, sociocultural traditions, recreation-based revenue sources, the federally-listed endangered fish cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus) and the threatened fish Lahontan cut-throat trout (LCT; Salmo clarkii henshawi).

[Pyramid Lake, in a file photo from local news KR/NV.]

The  Pyramid  Lake  Paiute  Tribe’s  name  in  Paiute  is  Kooyooee  Tukadu,  or  cui-ui  eaters,  named  after the Pyramid Lake sucker fish, which was one of their main food sources before its drastic decline in the early 1900’s due to upstream diversions at Derby Dam for irrigation, upstream water use,  and  drought.  Culturally,  the  Paiute  origin  story  is  based  on  Pyramid  Lake  and  its  tufa-rock  formation,  called  the  Stone  Mother  that  represents  a  woman  with  a  basket  whose  tears  created  the lake (Wheeler 1987). Today, fishing and recreational activities are central to PLPT economy. Like many Native American tribes, PLPT is especially vulnerable (Smith and others 2001) to both climatic and non-climatic stressors because of their reliance on natural resources for spiritual and socio-cultural  practices  (Jostad  and  others  1996);  dependence  on  local  natural  resources  (Adger  2003; Thomas and Twyman 2005); and poor socio-economic conditions (Sarche and Spicer 2008). Besides  technical  western  approaches,  understanding  PLPT’s  vulnerability  to  climate  change  requires  thoughtful  consideration  of  values,  history,  and  other  local  socio-economic  and  political  contexts.

[...] PLPT  has  a strong network of fish hatcheries to maintain cui-ui and LCT populations. There is a strong sense of individual tribal members desire to safeguard tribal interest and entitlement (e.g., 72 percent of surveyed tribal members vote in tribal elections). [...]  In addition to protecting the ecosystem of the lake, the natural capital of PLPT include groundwater and surface water, rangeland, wetlands, and agriculture which face concerns of decreasing water supplies, invasive species, and droughts.

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Karletta Chief (Navajo); John J. Daigle (Penobscot); Kyle Whyte (Potawatomi); and Kathy Lynn. “Indigenous Experiences in the U.S. with Climate Change and Environmental Stewardship in the Anthropocene.” USDA Forest Service publication (2014).

NOR CAL ADVENTURES

NOR CAL ADVENTURES

Hiking At Headwaters Forest Reserve In Northern California Is Like Entering A Fairytale

There are some places in Northern California that seem almost too beautiful to be real.

Like the absolutely stunning Headwaters Forest Reserve near Fortuna.

This lovely reserve was established to protect and preserve the ecology and wildlife of the dense redwood forest that…

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Happy Arbor Day from Redwood National and State Parks -- home of the world’s tallest trees. These towering trees sprout from a seed the size of a tomato seed, and they can grow to a height of 367 feet. That’s about the size of 35-story skyscraper. These trees’ ability to regenerate allows it to prosper despite insects and fire, and ultimately to survive as a species. Visitors to California’s Redwood National and State Parks and Headwaters Forest Reserve often come to just see these world-famous trees, but nothing prepares them for a hike in the ethereal forests of massive redwoods shrouded in fog with light streaming through the trees. Check out more remarkable trees on public lands: on.doi.gov/trees 

Photo courtesy of Scotty Perkins.