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taeilepathic · 6 years

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181018 BTS_official’s Tweet

[#오늘의방탄] Thank you, Berlin! #방탄소년단 마음 속에 아미 꽃 잔뜩 담아갑니다🌸 #베를린2회차공연

[#Today’s Bangtan] Thank you, Berlin! #BTS is taking a bunch of ARMY flowers with them in their heart 🌸#Berlin2ndConcert

Trans cr: Christie @ allforbts © Please credit when taking out

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love yourself: bitch

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#TheMurderer 🔪

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переставать/перестать - (v) to stop, cease, quit

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Я нутром чую - I have a gut feeling (lit. I feel with [my] inside)

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Imperfective verbal aspect

Most verbs you learn have pairs: an imperfective and a perfective verb. Right now I’m going to name the functions of imperfective aspect in present past and future tenses.

Present and Past

General actions

When you state some facts like the laws of physics, or just share some facts without Я ел бутерброд и пил кофе на завтрак сегодня. - I ate a sandwich and drank coffee for breakfast today. - just a fact. Солнце встаёт на востоке и садится на западе. - The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West. - a law.

Process

To describe actions in process use imperfective form of a verb as well. In such sentences, you can often find following words and phrases: долго, весь вечер, целый день, всю неделю, два часа (for a while, all evening, all day, all week). Я пишу эссе уже три дня - I’ve been writing the essay for three days already. В Перми всю неделю шли дожди - It was raining for the whole week in Perm.

Repetition

Already mentioned in the first function, but here are some phrases that point to imperfective aspect: обычно, всегда, часто, редко, иногда, каждый день, никогда, два раза в день, несколько раз, много раз, по четвергам (usually, always, seldom, sometimes, every day, never, twice a day, several times, many times, on Thursdays). Imperfective aspect expresses repetition, yes. Я посещаю стоматолога дважды в год - I visit a dentist twice a year. Я редко ходила в кино в детстве, потому что у меня никогда не было достаточно карманных денег - I used go to cinema seldom in my childhood because I never had enough pocket money.

Parallel actions

If you need to say that two things are being done at the same time, use imperfective verbs: Она обычно слушает музыку когда делает домашнее задание. - She usually listens to music when she does her homework. Когда Митя приходил домой, его собака встречала его у двери - When Mitya would come home, his dog would meet him by the door.

Future Imperfective future is always expressed with быть + infinitive.

Fact about an action in future

When you know for sure that you will do something in future. - Что мы будем делать завтра на уроке? - What will we be doing tomorrow at the lesson? - Мы будем писать тест. - We’ll write a test.

Process in future

Мы будем писать тест два часа. - We’ll be writing the test for two hours.

Repetition in future

Я буду часто звонить родителям, когда буду учиться в университете. - I’ll often call my parents when I’ll be studying in college.

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Perfective verbal aspect

About the imperfective verbal aspect, you can read here. And in this post, I’m going to name the functions of the perfective verbal aspect.

Past

Specific facts (results)

When we speak about things in the past and the most important part of it - the fact that it’s finished by now, there is a result of the action. Вчера я сделала уроки и легла спать - Yesterday I did my homework and went to bed. The fact that the homework is done allowed me to go to bed. Both verbs are perfective. Легла спать is literally lied down to sleep. A similar function has Present Perfect tense in English, so sometimes present perfect and perfective aspect can be translated into one another.

Limits of action (start of action or a completed act)

It partially what has been said earlier, but the start of action is also the perfective aspect. In Russian there are lots of verbs, or, to be more precise, many prefixes that mean the start of an action, especially with the verbs of motion, Start or finish is just a moment that has a long process of doing something before or after finish or start. And as imperfective aspect is about processes, all the quick actions that take a single moment are always perfective. Мальчик вышел из дома - A boy went out of his house. Девочка побежала в школу - The girl ran to school (started running).

Single action

Imperfective aspect is used to describe routines, and perfective aspect - one time actions. We usually use perfective aspect when we tell a story about something that happened with us, and here are some words that can be used only together with perfective verbs: быстро, сразу, вдруг, наконец, неожиданно, пока не + V, (quickly, instantly, suddenly, finally, unexpectedly, not yet/until). Of course, we can speak about the same actions in perfective and imperfective aspects. If it’s important to state that you did your homework every evening, you use imperfective, if in the context it’s important that you’ve done it yesterday, then use perfective.

Sequence of actions

If you name the sequence of some actions that have been done, then use perfective aspect. But sometimes imperfective aspect also can be used if you are just listing what you were doing: Я приготовила ужин, вымыла полы, помыла посуду и погладила одежду - I’ve cooked the dinner, washed the floors, washed the dishes and ironed the clothes (the result is that everything is clean and ready now, perfective aspect). Я готовила ужин, мыла полы, мыла посуду, гладила одежду - I did all these things, but I’m not stating that I’ve done them.

There was an old school joke: When the teacher asks if the student learned (выучил - perfective) the poem or rule or theorem, it’s important to answer with the imperfective verb (Я учил(а)) to state the fact that you at least tried and deserve indulgence.

Future

Completed action in future

Some promise we make to do something in future: Я обещаю, что напишу эссе, когда приду домой - I promise that I’ll write the essay when I come home / I’ll finish the essay. Я пойду в спортзал после нового года - I’ll start going to the gym after the New Year holidays.

Inevitable facts in future

We can give promises that we’ll do something, but it doesn’t mean that these things will be done, but we can’t deny, that there are some things that we can predict for sure.

Я обещаю, что напишу эссе, когда приду домой - I promise that I’ll write the essay when I come home / I’ll come home sooner or later. Когда я умру, этот дом унаследуют мои дети - When I die, my children will inherit this house.